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991.
A new photoelastic model for studying fatigue crack closure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The photoelastic analysis of crack tip stress intensity factors has been historically developed for use on sharp notches in
brittle materials that idealize the cracked structure. This approach, while useful, is not applicable to cases where residual
effects of fatigue crack development (e.g., plasticity, surface roughness) affect the applied stress intensity range. A photoelastic
model of these fatigue processes has been developed using polycarbonate, which is sufficiently ductile to allow the growth
of a fatigue crack. The resultant stress field has been modeled mathematically using the stress potential function approach
of Muskhelishvili to predict the stresses near a loaded but closed crack in an elastic body. The model was fitted to full-field
photoelastic data using a combination of a generic algorithm and the downhill simplex method. The technique offers a significant
advance in the ability to characterize the behavior of fatigue cracks with plasticity-induced closure, and hence to gain new
insights into the associated mechanisms. 相似文献
992.
993.
994.
研究了水润滑下炭纤维、石墨及聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮复合材料与不锈钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了磨损表面和磨屑形貌,利用X射线能量色散谱仪分析了磨损表面的元素组成.结果表明:炭纤维含量对摩擦副的摩擦系数影响不大,磨损率随着炭纤维含量的增加而减小;随着载荷增大,摩擦系数先降低而后升高,当载荷较小时,填充聚醚醚酮复合材料的磨损率随载荷增大而缓慢增加,当载荷超过一定值后,磨损率急剧增加;填充聚醚醚酮复合材料在较低载荷下主要呈现疲劳磨损特征,在较高载荷下主要呈现微切削特征. 相似文献
995.
建筑物内火灾烟羽流和顶蓬射流诱发的空气运动盐水模拟实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
盐水在清水中的扩散与火灾烟气在空气中的蔓延相似,因而可用盐水的扩散来模拟火灾烟气的蔓延;同样地,由于盐水的扩散而导致的环境清水的运动也可用来模拟烟气蔓延诱发的空气运动。基于这一原理,本文用实验的方法,研究了建筑物内初起火灾产生的烟羽流和顶蓬射流所诱发的空气运动,并对走廊空气层生长规律和运动特性进行了初步的测量和分析。所得结果基本合理,对建筑物通风排烟及疏散通道设计有帮助,从而为建筑火灾环境空气的运动的实验研究开辟了新的思路,也为火灾区域模拟提供了实验依据 相似文献
996.
Simple equations for predicting infiltration of water into soil are valuable both for hydrological application and for investigating soil hydraulic properties. Their value is greatly enhanced if they involve parameters that can be related to more basic soil hydraulic properties. In this paper we extend infiltration equations developed previously for positive surface heads to negative heads. The equations are then used to calculate infiltration into a sand and a clay for a range of initial and surface conditions. Results show errors of less than three percent compared with accurate numerical solutions. Analytical approximations to parameters in the equations are developed for a Brooks and Corey power law hydraulic conductivity-water content relation combined with either a Brooks and Corey or a van Genuchten water retention function. These are compared with accurate numerical values for a range of hydraulic parameters encompassing the majority of soil types and a range of initial and boundary conditions. The approximations are excellent for a wide range of soil parameters.An important attribute of the infiltration equations is their use of dimensionless parameters that can be calculated from normalised water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions. These normalised functions involve only parameters that it may be possible to estimate from surrogate data such as soil particle size distribution. Application of the equations for predicting infiltration, or their use in inferring hydraulic properties, then involves only simple scaling parameters. 相似文献
997.
J. L. Lage
A. Bejan
J. G. Georgiadis 《International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow》1992,13(4):408-411This note focuses on Kladias and Prasad's claim that the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of Bénard convection in an infinite horizontal porous layer increases as the Prandtl number decreases, and argues that the critical Rayleigh number (Rac) depends only on the Darcy number (Da), as linear stability analysis indicates. The two-dimensional steady-convection problem is then solved numerically to document the convection heat transfer effect of the Rayleigh number, Darcy number, Prandtl number, and porosity. The note concludes with an empirical correlation for the overall Nusselt number, which shows the effect of Prandtl number at above-critical Rayleigh numbers. The correlation is consistent with the corresponding correlation known for Bénard convection in a pure fluid. 相似文献
998.
讨论了在动态子结构法中应用静态Ritz向量替代模态向量时所应考虑的基本问题,即如何合理地定义荷载空间分布向量{f(s)},以避免在子结构中出现低阶模态不连续分布的情况。文中给出了在自由子结构和约束子结构内进行Ritz变换的一般形式及修正公式。算例表明:应用子结构Ritz向量综合技术能有效地提高线性结构模态分析的计算效率 相似文献
999.
Pore pressure development in a soil specimen due to electro-osmosis under alternating current conditions is examined theoretically. Solutions to the governing equation are derived for one-dimensional flow with boundary conditions corresponding to an impervious (conventional no-flow boundary), a partially drained boundary, and a partially drained boundary with an intervening permeable zone between the boundary and the soil. These latter two boundary conditions can arise from details of pore pressure measuring systems at the specimen boundaries during laboratory experiments. An analysis of the solutions indicates that for a perfect no-flow boundary, excess pore pressures measured at an electrode consist of a steady state and rapidly-decaying transient response. The pore pressures exhibit a 45 degree phase shift relative to the applied electric current. The effect of the partially drained boundary is to reduce the peak to peak amplitude of the pore pressure and to increase the phase shift to as much as 90 degrees depending on the compressibility of the pore pressure measuring system. The effect of the impeded and partially drained boundary is to further reduce the amplitude of the pore pressures and to increase the phase shift to as much as 180 degrees depending on the relative permeability of the impeded boundary. 相似文献
1000.
原位TiC颗粒增强灰铸铁复合材料的组织及其摩擦磨损性能 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用原位反应铸造法制备了TiC颗粒增强灰铸铁复合材料,并考察了复合材料的组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:随着合金熔体中Ti含量增加,复合材料中TiC颗粒的数量增加,尺寸减小,而石墨的数量降低,且其形态由片状转化为点状;含有大量TiC颗粒及少量点状石墨的复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性优良,即使在较高载荷下,复合材料中的TiC颗粒和点状石墨仍具有协同减摩抗磨作用,从而使得复合材料的摩擦磨损性能优于普通灰铸铁. 相似文献